Lactose intolerance results from insufficient production of the enzyme lactase, which is needed to break down lactose into glucose and galactose. This deficiency leads to symptoms like bloating, abdominal pain, and watery stools as undigested lactose is fermented by gut bacteria. Effective management includes dietary adjustments and medication.

Plant-based nutrition embraces diets primarily composed of plant sources, with limited animal product inclusion. Variations include vegan, vegetarian, and pescatarian diets. Overcoming potential nutrition deficiencies, protein concerns, sports nutrition, social eating challenges, childhood nutrition needs, and practical considerations are key aspects of successful plant-based nutrition.